Debian 13 trixie（testing）安装英伟达闭源驱动程序
启用非自由软件源
安装驱动程序
sudo apt install nvidia-driver
sudo systemctl reboot展开查看日志
xfox@loong5-76s:~$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver
将要安装：
nvidia-driver
将要安装的依赖： firmware-nvidia-gsp libgles1 libnvidia-glcore nvidia-egl-common nvidia-settings
glx-alternative-mesa libglx-nvidia0 libnvidia-glvkspirv nvidia-egl-icd nvidia-smi
glx-alternative-nvidia libnvcuvid1 libnvidia-ml1 nvidia-installer-cleanup nvidia-support
glx-diversions libnvidia-allocator1 libnvidia-pkcs11-openssl3 nvidia-kernel-common nvidia-suspend-common
libcuda1 libnvidia-cfg1 libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1 nvidia-kernel-dkms nvidia-vdpau-driver
libegl-nvidia0 libnvidia-egl-gbm1 libnvidia-rtcore nvidia-kernel-support nvidia-vulkan-common
libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx libnvidia-egl-wayland1 nvidia-alternative nvidia-legacy-check nvidia-vulkan-icd
libgles-nvidia1 libnvidia-eglcore nvidia-driver-bin nvidia-modprobe update-glx
libgles-nvidia2 libnvidia-encode1 nvidia-driver-libs nvidia-persistenced xserver-xorg-video-nvidia
建议安装： nvidia-cuda-mps
推荐安装： libcuda1:i386 nvidia-driver-libs:i386
摘要： 升级：0，安装：46，卸载：0，不升级：0
下载大小：154 MB
所需的空间：486 MB / 243 GB 可用
是否继续？ [Y/n] y
获取:1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 update-glx amd64 1.2.2 [5,432 B]
获取:2 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 glx-alternative-mesa amd64 1.2.2 [4,760 B]
获取:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-installer-cleanup amd64 20240109+1 [13.9 kB]
获取:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 glx-diversions amd64 1.2.2 [7,408 B]
获取:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 glx-alternative-nvidia amd64 1.2.2 [5,776 B]
获取:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-legacy-check amd64 535.183.06-1 [157 kB]
获取:7 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-support amd64 20240109+1 [14.8 kB]
获取:8 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-alternative amd64 535.183.06-1 [153 kB]
获取:9 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [6,973 kB]
获取:10 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-pkcs11-openssl3 amd64 535.183.06-1 [155 kB]
获取:11 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libcuda1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [2,999 kB]
获取:12 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-glvkspirv amd64 535.183.06-1 [10.7 MB]
获取:13 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-eglcore amd64 535.183.06-1 [10.6 MB]
获取:14 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-glcore amd64 535.183.06-1 [10.8 MB]
获取:15 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libglx-nvidia0 amd64 535.183.06-1 [387 kB]
获取:16 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx amd64 535.183.06-1 [332 kB]
获取:17 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-egl-common amd64 535.183.06-1 [151 kB]
获取:18 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/main amd64 libnvidia-egl-wayland1 amd64 1:1.1.15-1 [31.5 kB]
获取:19 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libegl-nvidia0 amd64 535.183.06-1 [422 kB]
获取:20 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-egl-icd amd64 535.183.06-1 [151 kB]
获取:21 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-driver-libs amd64 535.183.06-1 [151 kB]
获取:22 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-ml1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [684 kB]
获取:23 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-driver-bin amd64 535.183.06-1 [218 kB]
获取:24 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia amd64 535.183.06-1 [2,289 kB]
获取:25 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-vdpau-driver amd64 535.183.06-1 [641 kB]
获取:26 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free-firmware amd64 firmware-nvidia-gsp amd64 535.183.06-1 [38.5 MB]
获取:27 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-kernel-common amd64 20240109+1 [4,572 B]
获取:28 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-modprobe amd64 550.78-1 [21.7 kB]
获取:29 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-kernel-support amd64 535.183.06-1 [152 kB]
获取:30 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-kernel-dkms amd64 535.183.06-1 [44.9 MB]
获取:31 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-driver amd64 535.183.06-1 [516 kB]
获取:32 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-cfg1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [241 kB]
获取:33 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-persistenced amd64 535.171.04-1 [27.1 kB]
获取:34 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 nvidia-settings amd64 535.171.04-1 [767 kB]
获取:35 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/main amd64 libgles1 amd64 1.7.0-1+b1 [12.2 kB]
获取:36 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libgles-nvidia1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [171 kB]
获取:37 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libgles-nvidia2 amd64 535.183.06-1 [180 kB]
获取:38 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvcuvid1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [1,502 kB]
获取:39 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-allocator1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [207 kB]
获取:40 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/contrib amd64 libnvidia-egl-gbm1 amd64 1.1.2-1 [11.8 kB]
获取:41 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-encode1 amd64 535.183.06-1 [231 kB]
获取:42 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 libnvidia-rtcore amd64 535.183.06-1 [17.5 MB]
获取:43 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-smi amd64 535.183.06-1 [386 kB]
获取:44 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-suspend-common amd64 535.183.06-1 [153 kB]
获取:45 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-vulkan-common amd64 535.183.06-1 [151 kB]
获取:46 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian testing/non-free amd64 nvidia-vulkan-icd amd64 535.183.06-1 [151 kB]
已下载 154 MB，耗时 3秒 (52.9 MB/s)
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Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate.service.wants/nvidia-hibernate.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-hibernate.service'.
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service.wants/nvidia-resume.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-resume.service'.
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate.service.wants/nvidia-resume.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-resume.service'.
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service.wants/nvidia-suspend.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-suspend.service'.
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update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/mesa-diverted 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/lib/glx (glx)
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.10.6-amd64
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update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/nvidia/current 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/lib/nvidia/nvidia (nvidia)
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正在设置 nvidia-kernel-support (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 xserver-xorg-video-nvidia (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-vulkan-icd:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libnvidia-pkcs11-openssl3:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-vdpau-driver:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libgles-nvidia1:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libegl-nvidia0:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-settings (535.171.04-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-smi (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libgles-nvidia2:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-driver-bin (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-persistenced (535.171.04-1) ...
info: 您指定的主目录 /var/run/nvpd/ 无法访问：No such file or directory
info: 从 100 到 999 中选择 UID...
info: 从 100 到 999 中选择 GID...
info: 正在添加系统用户"nvpd" (UID 116)...
info: 正在添加新组"nvpd" (GID 127)...
info: 正在将新用户"nvpd" (UID 116)添加到组"nvpd"...
info: 无法创建主目录"/var/run/nvpd/"。Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nvidia-persistenced.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nvidia-persistenced.service'.
Could not execute systemctl: at /usr/bin/deb-systemd-invoke line 148.
正在设置 libcuda1:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-egl-icd:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 nvidia-driver-libs:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libnvcuvid1:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在设置 libnvidia-encode1:amd64 (535.183.06-1) ...
正在处理用于 nvidia-alternative (535.183.06-1) 的触发器 ...
update-alternatives: 链接组 nvidia 已更改次要链接，故更新候选项 /usr/lib/nvidia/current
正在设置 nvidia-kernel-dkms (535.183.06-1) ...
Loading new nvidia-current-535.183.06 DKMS files...
Building for 6.10.6-amd64
Building initial module for 6.10.6-amd64
Done.
nvidia-current.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
- Original module
- No original module exists within this kernel
- Installation
- Installing to /lib/modules/6.10.6-amd64/updates/dkms/
nvidia-current-modeset.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
- Original module
- No original module exists within this kernel
- Installation
- Installing to /lib/modules/6.10.6-amd64/updates/dkms/
nvidia-current-drm.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
- Original module
- No original module exists within this kernel
- Installation
- Installing to /lib/modules/6.10.6-amd64/updates/dkms/
nvidia-current-uvm.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
- Original module
- No original module exists within this kernel
- Installation
- Installing to /lib/modules/6.10.6-amd64/updates/dkms/
nvidia-current-peermem.ko.xz:
Running module version sanity check.
- Original module
- No original module exists within this kernel
- Installation
- Installing to /lib/modules/6.10.6-amd64/updates/dkms/
depmod....
正在设置 nvidia-driver (535.183.06-1) ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.40-2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 initramfs-tools (0.145) 的触发器 ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.10.6-amd64
正在处理用于 update-glx (1.2.2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 glx-alternative-nvidia (1.2.2) 的触发器 ...
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/nvidia 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/lib/glx (glx)
正在处理用于 glx-alternative-mesa (1.2.2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.40-2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 initramfs-tools (0.145) 的触发器 ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.10.6-amd64启用Wayland支持
我在安装闭源驱动后发现我已经无法在登陆界面启动Wayland桌面环境了，按照GS同学的提醒，我应该在配置文件中新增一行配置。
[21:04:22] （频道）gsrc：/etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf
[21:04:28] （频道）gsrc：options nvidia-drm modeset=1
详情参考：https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NVIDIA#DRM_kernel_mode_setting
如此操作后Wayland已经可以正常使用了。
Debian13 题外话 Fcitx5输入法
当你从X11切换到Wayland后，你可能面临一个问题：Fcitx5输入法在开机后不可用。
令我感到惊喜的是，这个问题的解决方案会在你尝试启用的时候弹出一个消息通知。如同下面截图显示的那样，对Fctix5开发者们贴心的设计都表示由衷的感谢。